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Person C wins by 2 points, but person B's fault if he hadn't run, person A would've won. Worst of all, everyone who voted for person B is kicking themselves since person they liked least has grown into the winner. Just one of the desirable qualities from the voting system (as documented in Kenneth Arrow) is independence of irrelevant alternatives the development of an alternative candidate shouldn't change the winner unless it's when compared to candidate. Plurality voting is principally bad as of this.
Firstpastthepost voting will usually caused a smaller wide range of viable candidates. From your traditional twoparty system of Anglosphere politics, every candidate except those from your top two parties is effectively a spoiler; they weaken the location of whichever major party candidate is much more ideologically much like them, giving the alternative major party candidate a bonus. For that reason, it really is in people's interest to opt for a leading party candidate whether or not they can be more aligned with another candidate. This lessens voters' capability support their preferred policies through voting.
Person B gets 4% for the vote entirely from voters who would've voted for person A
Person C gets 49% in the vote
Simple plurality voting has little within their favor in a different election with two candidates, however, the top disadvantage is vote splitting. FPTP only allows voters to vote for a single individual, because the vote may not be transferred, in the person doesn't win so the voter should probably have never voted ever.
Person A gets 47% inside the vote
Person C gets 40% on the vote and wins
Very like (but probably more ridiculous than) vote splitting can be the spoiler effect. Will certainly as soon as a similar minor candidate gets not very much belonging to the vote, it can be enough to tip the election the opposite way. As for instance:
Person B gets 30% on the vote
Imagine a situation for example following:
Person A gets 30% inside the vote
Think the 60% don't like C, additionally, the 40% aren't happy with A and B (would not really matter no matter what, since FPTP doesn't care corporation like after 1). It's unclear where a or B should win, but clearly C shouldn't virtually all of people do not like him. However, if half the 60% prefer person A and the other half opt for person B, the search results are:
Because person A and person B were so similar, they split the vote and neither got enough to win; they would've been better served if a associated with these had dropped out.
Which are the disadvantages of first
The effect of may is always FPTP bodies tend towards dual party systems at some point; the same candidates challenge each other in primaries to ensure inside of the real election, there's three major choices and effect of vote splitting is minimized. Nonetheless, spoilers are still able to misbehave. presidential elections have already been decided by spoilers